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Are there genetic tests for ADHD medication side effects? 

PostedOctober 8, 2025
UpdatedOctober 8, 2025
ByMy Patient Advice

Yes, but with caveats. While ADHD genetic testing is not yet a routine part of prescribing, certain genetic markers have been linked to how individuals metabolise ADHD medications, which can affect their risk of adverse effects. These tests fall under the field of pharmacogenetics, which studies how genes influence drug response and safety. 

What genetic tests currently offer 

  • CYP2D6 is the most clinically relevant gene for ADHD medications today. It affects how the body processes drugs like atomoxetine. 
  • People with reduced CYP2D6 activity (poor metabolisers) may have higher plasma levels of atomoxetine, increasing the risk of side effects like fatigue, nausea, or elevated heart rate. 
  • Knowing your CYP2D6 status can help your doctor adjust the dose or consider alternatives. 
  • CES1 influences how methylphenidate is broken down. Individuals with certain CES1 variants may metabolise the drug more slowly, leading to increased exposure and a higher chance of side effects like appetite suppression or insomnia. 
  • Some tests also cover COMT, DRD4, or DAT1, genes involved in dopamine regulation. While these may offer insights into treatment response, the evidence linking them directly to side effect risk is weaker and not yet part of clinical guidelines. 

Limitations and future directions 

  • Current genetic tests provide risk indicators, not certainties. They cannot predict exactly who will experience side effects, but they can guide safer starting doses or flag higher-risk scenarios. 
  • Most tests are privately available and not covered by standard healthcare pathways. They are often bundled as part of broader pharmacogenetic panels. 
  • More research is needed to include diverse populations and confirm which markers are truly useful in everyday prescribing. 

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations that include genetic insights into medication safety.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic studies and biomarkers.

Victoria Rowe, MSc, author for my patient advice - mypatientadvice.co.uk

Victoria Rowe, MSc

Author

Victoria Rowe is a health psychologist with a Master’s in Health Psychology and a BS in Applied Psychology. She has experience as a school psychologist, conducting behavioural assessments, developing individualized education plans (IEPs), and supporting children’s mental health. Dr. Rowe has contributed to peer-reviewed research on mental health, including studies on anxiety disorders and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. Skilled in SPSS, Minitab, and academic writing, she is committed to advancing psychological knowledge and promoting well-being through evidence-based practice.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS, author and a reviewer for my patient advice - mypatientadvice.co.uk

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy. 

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