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Are there specific RNA biomarkers linked to ADHD? 

PostedOctober 8, 2025
UpdatedOctober 10, 2025
ByMy Patient Advice

Yes, recent research into ADHD RNA biomarkers suggests that specific patterns of RNA expression could serve as powerful diagnostic tools and insights into the underlying biology of ADHD. Unlike DNA, which stays mostly the same throughout life, RNA reflects real-time gene activity, making it a dynamic molecular marker of what is happening in the brain and body. 

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What types of RNA are being studied? 

Researchers are studying messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in ADHD, as they each play roles in brain signalling, gene regulation, and neural development. 

microRNAs (miRNAs)  

These small, non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression and have been found in altered levels in people with ADHD. For example, miR-34b/c, miR-155, and miR-384-5p have been linked to executive dysfunction, emotional regulation, and attention deficits. 

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)  

Though less studied, lncRNAs are involved in brain development and synaptic plasticity. Emerging evidence suggests some may be differentially expressed in children with ADHD, possibly affecting neural circuit formation. 

mRNA expression patterns 

 Variations in messenger RNA which reflect which genes are actively producing proteins have also been observed in individuals with ADHD. Genes involved in dopamine signalling, neuroinflammation, and circadian rhythm often show altered mRNA levels. 

Why RNA biomarkers matter 

Potential for early diagnosis  

Unlike behavioural checklists, RNA biomarkers could one day provide a biological basis for ADHD diagnosis, especially when symptoms are subtle or complex. 

Monitoring treatment response 

RNA levels may change with medication or therapy, offering a way to track biological response to interventions, not just behavioural outcomes. 

Toward personalised care  

By combining RNA biomarkers with genetic data, clinicians may soon be able to predict which treatments are most likely to work for everyone. 

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations grounded in the latest RNA biomarker science.

For a deeper dive into the diagnosis, biology, and treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic studies and biomarkers.

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Victoria Rowe, MSc, author for my patient advice - mypatientadvice.co.uk

Victoria Rowe, MSc

Author

Victoria Rowe is a health psychologist with a Master’s in Health Psychology and a BS in Applied Psychology. She has experience as a school psychologist, conducting behavioural assessments, developing individualized education plans (IEPs), and supporting children’s mental health. Dr. Rowe has contributed to peer-reviewed research on mental health, including studies on anxiety disorders and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. Skilled in SPSS, Minitab, and academic writing, she is committed to advancing psychological knowledge and promoting well-being through evidence-based practice.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS, author and a reviewer for my patient advice - mypatientadvice.co.uk

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy. 

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