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What is the future of gene-based ADHD treatment selection? 

PostedOctober 8, 2025
UpdatedOctober 8, 2025
ByMy Patient Advice

As the science of gene-based ADHD treatment evolves, we are entering an era where medications may be chosen not just by symptoms but by your genes. This shift toward precision psychiatry aims to reduce the frustrating trial-and-error approach in ADHD care, replacing it with data-driven, biologically informed decision-making. 

Where are we now? 

Today’s ADHD treatments work well for many, but not for all. Some people respond to the first medication they try. Others cycle through multiple drugs, struggling with side effects or poor results. Genetics may help explain this variability. 

We already know that genes like CYP2D6 and CES1 influence drug metabolism, and variants in DRD4, DAT1, and COMT can shape how the brain reacts to stimulants. These insights are the building blocks of more personalised ADHD care. 

What is next in gene-guided treatment? 

Here is where gene-based ADHD treatment is heading: 

Predictive biomarkers 

Future testing panels could go beyond metabolism to include genetic markers that forecast which medications or even non-pharmacological therapies are most likely to work for everyone. 

Polygenic treatment scores  

Instead of looking at single genes, researchers are building polygenic scores combining thousands of genetic variants into a single metric that could predict treatment response, side effect risk, or likelihood of treatment resistance. 

New drug targets  

As more ADHD risk genes are discovered through GWAS and rare variant studies, new treatments may emerge that specifically target these biological pathways from synaptic function to circadian rhythm regulation. 

Integration with digital psychiatry  

Gene-based insights will likely be combined with data from wearables, cognitive testing, and digital symptom tracking, allowing for dynamic, adaptive treatment plans. The long-term goal is ADHD care that is as individual as a fingerprint, guided by a combination of biology, behaviour, and technology. 

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for consultations that explore how your genetic profile may shape future treatment options.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic studies and biomarkers.

Victoria Rowe, MSc, author for my patient advice - mypatientadvice.co.uk

Victoria Rowe, MSc

Author

Victoria Rowe is a health psychologist with a Master’s in Health Psychology and a BS in Applied Psychology. She has experience as a school psychologist, conducting behavioural assessments, developing individualized education plans (IEPs), and supporting children’s mental health. Dr. Rowe has contributed to peer-reviewed research on mental health, including studies on anxiety disorders and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. Skilled in SPSS, Minitab, and academic writing, she is committed to advancing psychological knowledge and promoting well-being through evidence-based practice.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS, author and a reviewer for my patient advice - mypatientadvice.co.uk

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy. 

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