Which Genes Are Most Commonly Associated with ADHD? 

Research into the genetics of ADHD has revealed that the condition is highly heritable, with estimates suggesting that up to 80% of ADHD risk can be attributed to genetic factors. Rather than one “ADHD gene,” the disorder is influenced by multiple genetic variants, many of which affect neurotransmitter pathways related to dopamine and norepinephrine. 

Key Candidate Genes in ADHD 

Among the most well-studied candidate genes are: 

DAT1 (SLC6A3)  

This gene encodes the dopamine transporter, which regulates dopamine reuptake in the brain. Variants in DAT1 have been linked to hyperactivity and impulsivity traits. 

DRD4  

A gene for the dopamine D4 receptor, DRD4 is associated with novelty seeking and attention regulation. The 7-repeat allele variant has been especially connected to ADHD symptoms. 

DRD5

Another dopamine receptor gene is often cited in ADHD studies. 

COMT

Involved in the breakdown of dopamine, COMT variations can affect executive functioning and emotional regulation. 

SNAP25  

This gene plays a role in synaptic function and neurotransmitter release, with some variants linked to attentional control. 

These genes do not act in isolation; their influence is polygenic, meaning small effects from many genes combine to increase ADHD risk. 

Conclusion 

The most associated ADHD genes include those involved in dopamine regulation, such as DAT1, DRD4, and COMT. Understanding these genetic variants helps researchers unpack the disorder’s complex heritability and may lead to more targeted interventions in the future. 

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations on how your genetic profile may inform ADHD care. 

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic studies and biomarkers.