How early can emotional dysregulation be identified in children with ADHD? 

Emotional dysregulation is the difficulty managing frustration, anger, or rapid mood shifts, and it can appear long before a formal ADHD diagnosis. According to NICE guidance (NG87, reaffirmed 2025), early signs of emotional instability often emerge in preschool years, making early recognition and support crucial for long-term wellbeing. 

Early emotional signs: starting as young as age three 

Large-scale evidence suggests that emotional challenges linked to ADHD begin surprisingly early. A 2025 UK longitudinal study by Murray et al. found that differences in emotional control and frustration tolerance could be detected by age three, predicting later ADHD symptoms and social difficulties by age seven. Children who struggled with calming after anger or who displayed persistent irritability were most likely to experience ongoing emotional and behavioural problems. 

Similarly, a 2023 BMJ Paediatrics Open review confirmed that early irritability, impulsive excitement, and temper loss in preschool years consistently predict later ADHD diagnosis. These findings suggest that early mood swings in young children aren’t simply “phases” but can indicate emerging neurodevelopmental traits. 

What brain and developmental studies show 

Recent neuroimaging work from the BMJ Open Child Developmental MRI Project (2024) found that children as young as five with early ADHD features showed distinct fronto-limbic brain patterns related to emotional control. These neural networks overlap with those involved in impulsivity, helping explain why emotional and behavioural regulation often develop together. 

NICE and NHS guidance on early assessment 

NICE and NHS CAMHS recommend that assessments of children under seven include observation of emotional control and relationships across home and nursery settings. When emotional dysregulation is significant, guidance encourages early parent training and structured behavioural support before considering medication. 

The Royal College of Psychiatrists (2024) also advises that recurring explosive behaviour or low frustration tolerance in early childhood should prompt gentle evaluation, not blame. Early recognition reduces later anxiety and improves peer adjustment. 

Early intervention: building emotional skills at home and school 

Parenting programmes such as Incredible Years and Triple P, both endorsed by NICE and NHS, help caregivers use CBT-informed strategies to teach calm-down skills and reinforce emotional awareness. 

In schools, early-years curricula like PATHS (Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies) and teacher-led social–emotional learning modules have been shown to reduce tantrums, improve empathy, and strengthen self-regulation. 

Programmes such as Theara Change are also developing behavioural and emotional coaching for young children, complementing NHS and educational pathways to build resilience and emotional literacy early on. 

Takeaway 

Research shows emotional dysregulation can be recognised as early as age three in children later diagnosed with ADHD. With early parent training, structured support, and emotionally responsive environments, families and schools can help children learn to understand and manage their feelings, building the foundation for long-term emotional and social health.