Are there specific genes linked to ADHD? 

Yes, researchers have identified several genes linked to ADHD, especially those involved in the brain’s dopamine and serotonin systems. These genes don’t cause ADHD directly, but they increase susceptibility by affecting how brain cells communicate, regulate attention, and manage impulse control. Among the most studied is the DRD4 gene, which plays a key role in dopamine signalling, an essential function that’s often dysregulated in individuals with ADHD. 

Understanding which genes are involved helps explain why ADHD tends to run in families and opens the door to more targeted treatment options in the future. 

Key genes under investigation 

Here are some of the best-known genetic contributors to ADHD traits. 

DRD4 gene ADHD 

This dopamine receptor gene is associated with novelty-seeking and impulsivity. A specific variant, known as the 7-repeat allele, has been linked to increased ADHD risk, particularly in hyperactive-impulsive presentations. 

Dopamine gene variations 

Beyond DRD4, other dopamine-related genes like DAT1 (which affects dopamine transport) also show strong associations with ADHD. These genes influence how efficiently the brain processes rewards and focuses attention. 

ADHD serotonin link 

While dopamine is a central focus, serotonin-related genes are also under investigation. Variations in these genes may influence mood regulation and emotional reactivity, which often co-occur with ADHD symptoms. 

While these genes linked to ADHD do not guarantee a diagnosis, they highlight the biological pathways that influence attention and behaviour. Visit providers like ADHD Certify to explore whether genetic factors may be shaping your or your child’s symptoms and how that can inform personalised treatment. 

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic Factors in ADHD.