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What is the role of the DRD4 gene in ADHD? 

PostedAugust 18, 2025
UpdatedSeptember 3, 2025
ByMy Patient Advice

The DRD4 gene plays a critical role in how dopamine signals are processed in the brain, a key factor in attention, motivation, and impulse control. In the context of ADHD genetics, the DRD4 gene is one of the most studied due to its association with the dopamine system. Certain variations of this gene, particularly the 7-repeat allele, have been linked to increased risk for ADHD, especially the hyperactive-impulsive and combined types. 

This makes DRD4 gene ADHD research central to understanding why some individuals are more susceptible to the condition based on their genetic makeup. 

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Why DRD4 matters in ADHD research 

Here’s what makes this gene important in diagnosing and treating ADHD. 

Dopamine receptor gene 

The DRD4 gene codes for a specific type of dopamine receptor in the brain. Variants of this dopamine receptor gene can affect how well dopamine binds and signals, potentially leading to reduced regulation of attention and behaviour, hallmarks of ADHD. 

ADHD genetics 

While ADHD is polygenic (influenced by many genes), DRD4 stands out for its consistent presence in ADHD-related studies. Its influence is particularly noticeable in children who struggle with novelty-seeking, risk-taking, or sustaining attention, behaviours often shaped by dopamine dynamics. 

Though the presence of the DRD4 gene ADHD variant alone doesn’t cause ADHD, it contributes to a larger network of genetic and environmental influences. Visit providers like ADHD Certify for DNA-informed assessments and guidance on personalised therapy approaches. 

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic Factors in ADHD. 

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Lucia Alvarez, MSc, author for my patient advice - mypatientadvice.co.uk

Lucia Alvarez, MSc

Author

Lucia Alvarez is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience providing evidence-based therapy and psychological assessment to children, adolescents, and adults. Skilled in CBT, DBT, and other therapeutic interventions, she has worked in hospital, community, and residential care settings. Her expertise includes grief counseling, anxiety management, and resilience-building, with a strong focus on creating safe, supportive environments to improve mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS, author and a reviewer for my patient advice - mypatientadvice.co.uk

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy. 

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